https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ | Anchor | Skip to content |
/magazine | | Current Issue |
/magazine | Text duplicate | Current Issue |
/issues/archive/2020 | | Archive |
/books-and-reviews | | Books |
/podcasts/foreign-affairs-inte... | Subdomain | Podcast |
/subscribe | | Subscribe |
/subscribe | Text duplicate | Subscribe |
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ | | Foreign Affairs |
/newsletter | | Newsletters |
/user/login | | Log In |
/user/login | Text duplicate | Log In |
/subscribe | Text duplicate | Subscribe |
/magazine | Text duplicate | Current Issue |
/magazine | Text duplicate | Current Issue |
/issues/archive/2020 | Text duplicate | Archive |
/books-and-reviews | Text duplicate | Books |
/podcasts/foreign-affairs-inte... | Subdomain Text duplicate | Podcast |
/subscribe | Text duplicate | Subscribe |
/subscribe | Text duplicate | Subscribe |
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ | Text duplicate | Foreign Affairs |
/newsletter | Text duplicate | Newsletters |
/user/login | Text duplicate | Log In |
/user/login | Text duplicate | Log In |
/subscribe | Text duplicate | Subscribe |
/magazine | Text duplicate | Current Issue |
/issues/archive/2020 | Text duplicate | Archive |
/issues/archive/2020 | Text duplicate | Archive |
/books-and-reviews | Text duplicate | Books |
/books-and-reviews | Text duplicate | Books |
/podcasts/foreign-affairs-inte... | Subdomain Text duplicate | Podcast |
/podcasts/foreign-affairs-inte... | Subdomain Text duplicate | Podcast |
/newsletter | Text duplicate | Newsletters |
/newsletter | Text duplicate | Newsletters |
/user/login | Text duplicate | Log In |
/issues/archive/2020 | | Issue Archive |
/search | | Most Recent |
/most-read | | Most Read |
/regions | | All Regions |
/browse/articles-with-audio | | Audio Content |
/author-listing | | Author Directory |
/browse/capsule-review | | Capsule Reviews |
/browse/review | | Review Essays |
/issues/2025/104/4 | | Jul/Aug 2025 |
/issues/2025/104/3 | | May/June 2025 |
/issues/2025/104/2 | | Mar/Apr 2025 |
/topics/trump-administration | | Trump Administration |
/tags/war-ukraine | | War in Ukraine |
/tags/israeli-palestinian-conf... | | Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |
/tags/us-chinese-relations | | US-China Relations |
/tags/tariffs | | Tariffs |
/topics/geopolitics | | Geopolitics |
/tags/artificial-intelligence | | Artificial Intelligence |
/topics/us-foreign-policy | | U.S. Foreign Policy |
/about-foreign-affairs | | More About Us |
/feedback | | Feedback |
/group-subscriptions | | Institutional Subscriptions |
/gift | | Gift a Subscription |
/about-foreign-affairs | | About Us |
/events | | Events |
/archive | Text duplicate | Issue Archive |
https://mediakit.foreignaffair... | External Subdomain | Advertise |
/browse/articles-with-audio | Text duplicate | Audio Content |
/myaccount | | Account Management |
/frequently-asked-questions | | FAQs |
/united-states/making-america-... | | IMG-ALT Image for Making America Alone Again |
/united-states/making-america-... | | Making America Alone Again |
/united-states/making-america-... | | History Offers Few Parallels for Washington’s Repudiation of Its Own Alliances |
/authors/margaret-macmillan-0 | | Margaret MacMillan |
/china/chinas-military-ready-w... | | Is China’s Military Ready for War? |
/china/chinas-military-ready-w... | | What Xi’s Purges Do—and Don’t—Mean for Beijing’s Ambitions |
/authors/m-taylor-fravel | | M. Taylor Fravel |
/china/chinas-military-ready-w... | | No Text |
/united-states/nuclear-powers-... | | Nuclear Powers, Conventional Wars |
/united-states/nuclear-powers-... | | The Dangerous Erosion of Deterrence |
/authors/carter-malkasian | | Carter Malkasian |
/authors/zachary-constantino | | Zachary Constantino |
/united-states/nuclear-powers-... | | No Text |
/united-states/global-threat-l... | | The Global Threat to LGBTQ Rights |
/united-states/global-threat-l... | | The Fate of Legal Protections Is Tied to the Fate of Democracy |
/authors/ari-shaw | | Ari Shaw |
/united-states/global-threat-l... | | No Text |
/russia/limits-vladimir-putin-... | | The Limits of Putin’s Balancing Act |
/russia/limits-vladimir-putin-... | | What the Kremlin Will Sacrifice in Pursuit of Victory in Ukraine |
/authors/michael-kimmage | | Michael Kimmage |
/authors/maria-lipman | | Maria Lipman |
/russia/limits-vladimir-putin-... | | No Text |
/subscription | Text duplicate | Subscribe |
/issues/2025/104/4 | | No Text |
/united-states/how-survive-new... | | How to Survive the New Nuclear Age |
/united-states/how-survive-new... | | National Security in a World of Proliferating Risks and Eroding Constraints |
/authors/vipin-narang | | Vipin Narang |
/authors/pranay-vaddi | | Pranay Vaddi |
/united-states/how-survive-new... | | No Text |
/china/southeast-asia-starting... | | Southeast Asia Is Starting to Choose |
/china/southeast-asia-starting... | | Why the Region Is Leaning Toward China |
/authors/yuen-foong-khong | | Yuen Foong Khong |
/authors/joseph-chinyong-liow | | Joseph Chinyong Liow |
/china/southeast-asia-starting... | | No Text |
/united-states/dispensable-nat... | | Dispensable Nation |
/united-states/dispensable-nat... | | America in a Post-American World |
/authors/kori-schake | | Kori Schake |
/united-states/dispensable-nat... | | No Text |
/united-states/end-long-americ... | | The End of the Long American Century |
/united-states/end-long-americ... | | Trump and the Sources of U.S. Power |
/authors/robert-o-keohane | | Robert O. Keohane |
/authors/joseph-s-nye-jr | | Joseph S. Nye, Jr. |
/united-states/end-long-americ... | | No Text |
/issues/2025/104/4 | | Full Table of Contents |
/subscribe | Text duplicate | Subscribe |
/south-asia/how-india-can-plac... | | How India Can Placate America |
/south-asia/how-india-can-plac... | | In a Reversal, It’s Time for New Delhi to Be Generous With Washington |
/authors/milan-vaishnav | | Milan Vaishnav |
/south-asia/how-india-can-plac... | | No Text |
/palestinian-territories/recog... | | The Promise and Peril of Recognizing Palestine |
/palestinian-territories/recog... | | Can a Two-State Solution Still Emerge From a One-State Reality? |
/authors/marc-lynch | | Marc Lynch |
/authors/shibley-telhami | | Shibley Telhami |
/palestinian-territories/recog... | | No Text |
/north-america/right-way-wield... | | The Right Way to Wield America’s Economic Power |
/north-america/right-way-wield... | | Without Statecraft, Even the Most Powerful Tools Will Be Self-Defeating |
/authors/daleep-singh | | Daleep Singh |
/north-america/right-way-wield... | | No Text |
/united-states/america-breakin... | | Is America Breaking the Global Economy? |
/united-states/america-breakin... | | What an Age of Economic Uncertainty Will Mean for the World |
/authors/mohamed-erian | | Mohamed A. El-Erian |
/united-states/america-breakin... | | No Text |
/sudan/sudan-unraveling | | IMG-ALT Image for Sudan Is Unraveling |
/sudan/sudan-unraveling | | Sudan Is Unraveling |
/sudan/sudan-unraveling | | Why War Is Likely to Once Again Tear the Country Apart |
/authors/mai-hassan | | Mai Hassan |
/authors/ahmed-kodouda | | Ahmed Kodouda |
/sudan/sudan-and-new-age-conflict | | Sudan and the New Age of Conflict |
/sudan/sudan-and-new-age-conflict | | How Regional Power Politics Are Fueling Deadly Wars |
/authors/comfort-ero | | Comfort Ero |
/authors/richard-atwood | | Richard Atwood |
/sudan/sudan-and-new-age-conflict | | No Text |
/sudan/uaes-secret-war-sudan | | The UAE’s Secret War in Sudan |
/sudan/uaes-secret-war-sudan | | How International Pressure Can Stop the Genocidal Violence |
/authors/john-prendergast | | John Prendergast |
/authors/anthony-lake | | Anthony Lake |
/sudan/uaes-secret-war-sudan | | No Text |
/sudan/sudans-manmade-famine | | Sudan’s Manmade Famine |
/sudan/sudans-manmade-famine | | How the United States and Its Gulf Partners Are Enabling Mass Starvation |
/authors/alex-de-waal | | Alex de Waal |
/sudan/sudans-manmade-famine | | No Text |
/sudan/dirty-money-destroying-... | | Dirty Money Is Destroying Sudan |
/sudan/dirty-money-destroying-... | | How America Can Stop Money Launderers From Funding Africa’s Worst Civil War |
/authors/john-prendergast | Text duplicate | John Prendergast |
/sudan/dirty-money-destroying-... | | No Text |
/united-states/why-force-fails... | | Why Force Fails to Stop Nuclear Proliferation |
/united-states/why-force-fails... | | Only Diplomacy Can Ultimately Keep Iran From Getting the Bomb |
/authors/david-minchin-allison | | David Minchin Allison |
/united-states/why-force-fails... | | No Text |
/georgia/georgias-warning-ukraine | | Georgia’s Warning for Ukraine |
/georgia/georgias-warning-ukraine | | A Cease-Fire Alone Would Hardly End Russia’s Quest for Dominance |
/authors/eka-tkeshelashvili | | Eka Tkeshelashvili |
/georgia/georgias-warning-ukraine | | No Text |
/israel/post-iranian-middle-ea... | | The Post-Iranian Middle East |
/israel/post-iranian-middle-ea... | | America and Israel Can Build a New Regional Order |
/authors/amos-yadlin | | Amos Yadlin |
/israel/post-iranian-middle-ea... | | No Text |
/united-states/how-russia-coul... | | How Russia Could Exploit a Vacuum in Europe |
/united-states/how-russia-coul... | | The Dangers of a Rapid Drawdown in American Forces |
/authors/andrea-kendall-taylor | | Andrea Kendall-Taylor |
/authors/jim-townsend | | Jim Townsend |
/authors/kate-johnston | | Kate Johnston |
/united-states/how-russia-coul... | | No Text |
/podcasts/coming-nuclear-hurri... | | IMG-ALT Image for The Coming Nuclear Hurricane |
/podcasts/coming-nuclear-hurri... | | The Coming Nuclear Hurricane |
/podcasts/coming-nuclear-hurri... | | A Conversation With Vipin Narang and Pranay Vaddi |
/podcasts/coming-nuclear-hurri... | | Play |
/podcasts/foreign-affairs-inte... | | Follow the Podcast |
/united-states/sordid-history-... | | The Sordid History of Offshoring Migrants |
/united-states/sordid-history-... | | Trump Is Only the Latest to Embrace a Costly and Immoral Tactic |
/authors/david-scott-fitzgerald | | David Scott FitzGerald |
/united-states/sordid-history-... | | No Text |
/united-states/china-real-arti... | | The Real AI Race |
/united-states/china-real-arti... | | America Needs More Than Innovation to Compete With China |
/authors/colin-h-kahl | | Colin H. Kahl |
/authors/jim-mitre | | Jim Mitre |
/united-states/china-real-arti... | | No Text |
/united-states/american-gun-vi... | | American Gun Violence Goes Global |
/united-states/american-gun-vi... | | How Its Spread Is Distorting and Diminishing U.S. Soft Power |
/authors/jacob-ware | | Jacob Ware |
/united-states/american-gun-vi... | | No Text |
/israel/islamic-republics-new-... | | The Islamic Republic’s New Lease on Life |
/israel/islamic-republics-new-... | | How the U.S.-Israeli Strikes Empowered the Iranian Regime |
/authors/mohammad-ayatollahi-t... | | Mohammad Ayatollahi Tabaar |
/israel/islamic-republics-new-... | | No Text |
/reviews/arctic-great-game-conley | | IMG-ALT The Arctic Great Game Cover |
/reviews/arctic-great-game-conley | | The Arctic Great Game |
/reviews/arctic-great-game-conley | | And Why America Risks Losing It |
/authors/heather-conley | | Heather A. Conley |
/reviews/arctic-great-game-conley | | Continue reading |
/reviews/capitalism-and-its-cr... | | IMG-ALT Capitalism and Its Critics: A History, From the Industrial Revolution to AI Cover |
/reviews/capitalism-and-its-cr... | | Capitalism and Its Critics: A History, From the Industrial Revolution to AI |
/authors/barry-eichengreen | | Barry Eichengreen |
/reviews/indias-near-east-new-... | | IMG-ALT India’s Near East: A New History Cover |
/reviews/indias-near-east-new-... | | India’s Near East: A New History |
/authors/pratap-bhanu-mehta | | Pratap Bhanu Mehta |
/reviews/using-force-protect-c... | | IMG-ALT Using Force to Protect Civilians: Successes and Failures of United Nations Peace Operations in Africa Cover |
/reviews/using-force-protect-c... | | Using Force to Protect Civilians: Successes and Failures of United Nations Peace Operations in Africa |
/authors/nicolas-van-walle | | Nicolas van de Walle |
/reviews/lawless-republic-rise... | | IMG-ALT Lawless Republic: The Rise of Cicero and the Decline of Rome Cover |
/reviews/lawless-republic-rise... | | Lawless Republic: The Rise of Cicero and the Decline of Rome |
/authors/andrew-moravcsik | | Andrew Moravcsik |
/north-korea/north-koreas-seco... | | North Korea’s Second Chance? |
/north-korea/north-koreas-seco... | | How Trump Could Bring Kim Back to the Negotiating Table |
/authors/andrei-lankov | | Andrei Lankov |
/north-korea/north-koreas-seco... | | No Text |
/united-states/artificial-inte... | | AI and the Trust Revolution |
/united-states/artificial-inte... | | How Technology Is Transforming Human Connections |
/authors/yasmin-green | | Yasmin Green |
/authors/gillian-tett | | Gillian Tett |
/united-states/artificial-inte... | | No Text |
/russia/ukraines-drone-revolution | | Ukraine’s Drone Revolution |
/russia/ukraines-drone-revolution | | And What America Should Learn From It |
/authors/jon-finer | | Jon Finer |
/authors/david-shimer | | David Shimer |
/russia/ukraines-drone-revolution | | No Text |
/united-states/what-drones-can... | | What Drones Can—and Cannot—Do on the Battlefield |
/united-states/what-drones-can... | | The Pentagon Should Learn From Israel and Ukraine |
/authors/michael-c-horowitz | | Michael C. Horowitz |
/authors/lauren-kahn | | Lauren A. Kahn |
/authors/joshua-schwartz | | Joshua A. Schwartz |
/united-states/what-drones-can... | | No Text |
/united-states/making-america-... | Text duplicate | Making America Alone Again |
/united-states/making-america-... | Text duplicate | History Offers Few Parallels for Washington’s Repudiation of Its Own Alliances |
/authors/margaret-macmillan-0 | Text duplicate | Margaret MacMillan |
/united-states/making-america-... | | No Text |
/russian-federation/world-puti... | | The World Putin Wants |
/russian-federation/world-puti... | | How Distortions About the Past Feed Delusions About the Future |
/authors/fiona-hill | | Fiona Hill |
/authors/angela-stent | | Angela Stent |
/russian-federation/world-puti... | | No Text |
/china/chinas-military-ready-w... | Text duplicate | Is China’s Military Ready for War? |
/china/chinas-military-ready-w... | Text duplicate | What Xi’s Purges Do—and Don’t—Mean for Beijing’s Ambitions |
/authors/m-taylor-fravel | Text duplicate | M. Taylor Fravel |
/china/chinas-military-ready-w... | | No Text |
/united-states/america-breakin... | Text duplicate | Is America Breaking the Global Economy? |
/united-states/america-breakin... | Text duplicate | What an Age of Economic Uncertainty Will Mean for the World |
/authors/mohamed-erian | Text duplicate | Mohamed A. El-Erian |
/united-states/america-breakin... | | No Text |
/russia/limits-vladimir-putin-... | Text duplicate | The Limits of Putin’s Balancing Act |
/russia/limits-vladimir-putin-... | Text duplicate | What the Kremlin Will Sacrifice in Pursuit of Victory in Ukraine |
/authors/michael-kimmage | Text duplicate | Michael Kimmage |
/authors/maria-lipman | Text duplicate | Maria Lipman |
/russia/limits-vladimir-putin-... | | No Text |
/united-states/nuclear-powers-... | Text duplicate | Nuclear Powers, Conventional Wars |
/united-states/nuclear-powers-... | Text duplicate | The Dangerous Erosion of Deterrence |
/authors/carter-malkasian | Text duplicate | Carter Malkasian |
/authors/zachary-constantino | Text duplicate | Zachary Constantino |
/united-states/nuclear-powers-... | | No Text |
/united-states/how-trump-can-f... | | How Trump Can Finish the Job in Iran—and the Middle East |
/united-states/how-trump-can-f... | | Keeping the Pressure on Tehran Will Stabilize the Region |
/authors/james-jeffrey | | James Jeffrey |
/united-states/how-trump-can-f... | | No Text |
/united-states/fantasy-grand-b... | | The Fantasy of a Grand Bargain Between America and China |
/united-states/fantasy-grand-b... | | Why Deadlock Is More Likely Than Détente |
/authors/william-hurst | | William Hurst |
/authors/peter-trubowitz | | Peter Trubowitz |
/united-states/fantasy-grand-b... | | No Text |
/world/end-age-ngos | | The End of the Age of NGOs? |
/world/end-age-ngos | | How Civil Society Lost Its Post–Cold War Power |
/authors/sarah-bush | | Sarah Bush |
/authors/jennifer-hadden | | Jennifer Hadden |
/world/end-age-ngos | | No Text |
/united-states/trump-breaking-... | | Trump Is Breaking American Intelligence |
/united-states/trump-breaking-... | | Politicizing the System Makes Dangerous Failures More Likely |
/authors/david-v-gioe | | David V. Gioe |
/authors/michael-v-hayden | | Michael V. Hayden |
/united-states/trump-breaking-... | | No Text |
/united-states/strategies-prio... | | IMG-ALT Image for Strategies of Prioritization |
/united-states/strategies-prio... | | Strategies of Prioritization |
/united-states/strategies-prio... | | American Foreign Policy After Primacy |
/authors/jennifer-lind | | Jennifer Lind |
/authors/daryl-g-press | | Daryl G. Press |
/reviews/your-land-our-land-am... | | Your Land Is Our Land |
/reviews/your-land-our-land-am... | | Property, Power, and the Coming Age of Territorial Conflict |
/authors/sunil-amrith | | Sunil Amrith |
/reviews/your-land-our-land-am... | | No Text |
/ukraine/ukraine-can-still-win | | Ukraine Can Still Win |
/ukraine/ukraine-can-still-win | | Western Half Measures Have Prolonged the War, but Decisive Action Now Could End It |
/authors/michael-carpenter | | Michael Carpenter |
/ukraine/ukraine-can-still-win | | No Text |
/united-states/industrial-poli... | | An Industrial Policy With American Characteristics |
/united-states/industrial-poli... | | To Compete Like China, America Should Build Like China |
/authors/damien-ma | | Damien Ma |
/authors/lizzi-c-lee | | Lizzi C. Lee |
/united-states/industrial-poli... | | No Text |
/reviews/arctic-great-game-conley | Text duplicate | The Arctic Great Game |
/reviews/arctic-great-game-conley | Text duplicate | And Why America Risks Losing It |
/authors/heather-conley | Text duplicate | Heather A. Conley |
/reviews/arctic-great-game-conley | | No Text |
/search | | View All |
/subscribe | | Subscribe Now |
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ | Text duplicate | Foreign Affairs |
/privacy-policy | | Privacy Policy |
/terms-use | | Terms of Use |
https://www.facebook.com/Forei... | External Subdomain | No Text |
https://twitter.com/foreignaff... | External | No Text |
https://www.instagram.com/fore... | External Subdomain | No Text |
https://www.linkedin.com/compa... | External Subdomain | No Text |
https://www.youtube.com/user/F... | External Subdomain | No Text |
/rss.xml | Subdomain | No Text |
https://www.reddit.com/user/fo... | External Subdomain | No Text |
https://flipboard.com/@Foreign... | External | No Text |
https://open.spotify.com/show/... | External Subdomain | No Text |
/about-foreign-affairs | Text duplicate | About Us |
/events | Text duplicate | Events |
https://www.cfr.org/career-opp... | External Subdomain | Work at Foreign Affairs |
/podcasts/foreign-affairs-inte... | Text duplicate | Podcast |
/staff | | Staff |
https://app.foreignaffairs.com... | External Subdomain | Download App |
/graduateschoolforum | | Graduate School Forum |
/frequently-asked-questions | | Frequently Asked Questions |
/myaccount | Text duplicate | Account Management |
/submissions-0 | | Submissions |
/subscribe?lcw=cta&ecw=Sub-glo... | | Subscriptions |
/permissions | | Permissions |
https://mediakit.foreignaffair... | External Subdomain Text duplicate | Advertise |
/feedback | | Leave Us Feedback |
/tags/authoritarianism | | Authoritarianism |
/tags/vladimir-putin | | Vladimir Putin |
/tags/benjamin-netanyahu | | Benjamin Netanyahu |
/tags/xi-jinping | | Xi Jinping |
/topics/globalization | | Globalization |
/topics/diplomacy | | Diplomacy |
/topics/us-politics | | U.S. Politics |
/topics/economics | | Economics |
/regions/united-states | | United States |
/regions/russia | Subdomain | Russia |
/regions/china | | China |
/regions/israel | | Israel |
/regions/europe | | Europe |
/regions/middle-east | | Middle East |
/tags/latin-america | | Latin America |
/regions/africa | | Africa |
http://www.cfr.org/article/jap... | External Subdomain | Japan’s Ruling Party Loses Key Election |
http://www.cfr.org/article/wil... | External Subdomain | Will Trump’s Ukraine Deal Force Putin’s Hand? |
http://www.cfr.org/blog/women-... | External Subdomain | Women This Week: First Woman Appointed as Ukraine’s Prime Minister in Wartime Reshuffle |
/manage-preferences | | Manage Cookies |
/privacy-policy | Text duplicate | Privacy Policy |
/terms-use | Text duplicate | Terms of Use |
(Nice to have)